www.edmundoptics.co.uk/imaging 3
resource guide fixed focal length telecentric liquid lens / specialty filters / accessories microscopy / objectives cameras illumination targets
What's Inside IMAGING RESOURCE GUIDE
Getting Started.......................................................4-6
Best Practices for Better Imaging.......................................... 4-5
What is Imaging?....................................................................... 6
Section 1: Lens and Imaging Fundamentals............7-9
1.1: The Anatomy of a Lens...................................................... 7
1.2: Imaging Fundamentals....................................................... 7
1.3: Understanding Focal Length and Field of View.............. 8-9
Section 2: Understanding Lens Specifications.....10-17
2.1: System Throughput, f/#, and Numerical Aperture..... 10-11
2.2: Resolution.................................................................... 11-12
2.3: Contrast....................................................................... 12-13
2.4: The Airy Disk and Diffraction Limit............................. 13-14
2.5: The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)......................... 14
2.6: MTF Curves and Lens Performance............................ 15-17
Section 3: Real World Performance....................18-28
3.1: Sensor Performance and Limitations ........................ 18-19
3.2: Relative Illumination, Roll-Off, and Vignetting........... 20-21
3.3: Distortion.................................................................... 22-23
3.4: Depth of Field and Depth of Focus........................... 24-26
3.5: Aberrations................................................................. 26-28
3.6: Design vs. Manufacturing................................................ 28
Section 4: Telecentricity and Perspective Error...29-33
4.1: The Advantages of Telecentricity................................ 29-30
4.2: Distortion and the Telecentricity Specification........... 30-31
4.3: Telecentric Lens Size Control........................................... 32
4.4: Telecentric Design Topics............................................ 32-33
Section 5: Lens Mechanics..................................34-36
5.1: Lens Mounts..................................................................... 34
5.2: Lens Spacers, Shims, and Focal Length Extenders..... 34-35
5.3: Ruggedization of Imaging Lenses.................................... 36
Section 6: Imaging Lens Selection Guide............37-42
6.1: Types of Machine Vision Lenses.................................. 37-38
6.2: Basic Lens Selection.................................................... 38-39
6.3: Advanced Lens Selection............................................ 39-41
6.4: Sensors and Lenses..................................................... 41-42
Section 7: Liquid Lenses in Machine Vision.....108-109
7.1: Liquid Lens Basics.......................................................... 108
7.2: Liquid Lens Features...................................................... 108
7.3: Liquid Lens Applications................................................ 109
7.4: Liquid Lens Technology.................................................. 109
Section 8: Filter Technology............................124-126
8.1: Types of Filter Technology...................................... 124-125
8.2: Applications with Machine Vision Filtering............. 125-126
Technical Note: TECHSPEC® Machine Vision Filters............. 126
Section 9: Microscope Objectives...................130-131
9.1: Types of Objectives................................................. 130-131
9.2: Using Tube Lenses with Infinity Corrected Objectives... 131
9.3: Fluorescence Filters for Microscopy.............................. 131
Section 10: Cameras.......................................144-147
10.1: Digital Camera Interfaces...................................... 144-145
10.2: Powering the Camera.................................................. 145
10.3: Camera Software.......................................................... 145
10.4: Sensors.................................................................. 145-146
10.5: Spectral Properties................................................ 146-147
10.6: Area Scan vs. Line Scan Cameras................................. 147
Section 11: Illumination..................................155-160
11.1: Brightfield and Darkfield Illumination in Machine Vision..155
11.2: Common Illumination Types.................................. 156-157
11.3: In-Line Illumination................................................ 158-159
11.4: Using Structured Illumination....................................... 159
11.5: Telecentric Illumination................................................ 160
Section 12: Testing and Targets......................168-173
12.1: Resolution and MTF Testing.................................. 168-169
12.2: Test Target Overview.................................................... 170
12.3: The USAF 1951 Target.......................................... 170-171
12.4: Ronchi Rulings.............................................................. 171
12.5: The Star Target............................................................. 172
12.6: Telecentricity Targets.................................................... 172
12.7: Depth of Field (DOF) Targets....................................... 173
12.8: Distortion Targets......................................................... 173
PRODUCTS
TECHSPEC® Fixed Focal Length Lenses........................ 44-83
1/1.8" UC Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses........................ 44-47
1/1.8" UCi Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses....................... 48-49
C Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses................................... 50-53
Ci Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses.................................. 54-57
Cr Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses................................. 54-57
Cx Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses ................................ 58-59
2/3" HP Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses........................... 60-62
2/3" HPi Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses............................... 63
2/3" HPr Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses.............................. 63
1.1" HP Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses......................... 64-66
NEW 1.1" HPi Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses................... 67
NEW 1.1" HPr Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses................... 67
APS-C Format CA Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses........ 68-69
LF Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses................................. 70-72
NEW LH Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses............................ 73
NEW LS Series Line Scan Fixed Focal Length Lenses....... 74-75
SWIR Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses............................. 76-77
TECHSPEC® M12 Lenses............................................... 78-83
Blue Series M12 Imaging Lens........................................... 78-81
Rugged Blue Series M12 Imaging Lenses.......................... 78-81
Harsh Environment HEO M12 Imaging Lenses....................... 83
TECHSPEC® Telecentric Lenses................................... 84-107
TitanTL™ Telecentric Lenses .............................................. 84-89
PlatinumTL™ Telecentric Lenses......................................... 90-93
GoldTL™ Telecentric Lenses............................................... 94-95
SilverTL™ Telecentric Lenses............................................... 96-99
CompactTL™ Telecentric Lenses..................................... 100-105
VariMagTL™ Telecentric Lenses...................................... 106-107
Liquid Lenses............................................................ 108-119
Liquid Lens Cx Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses.......... 110-111
Liquid Lens M12 Imaging Lenses................................... 112-113
MercuryTL™ Liquid Lens Telecentric Lenses................... 116-117
Dynamic Focus VZM™ Lens................................................... 118
Tunable Compact Objectives................................................ 119
Liquid Lens Cameras...................................................... 114-115
Liquid Lens Drivers................................................. 114, 118-119
Specialty Lenses (Zoom, UV, Hypercentric, and More)...120-123
Filters........................................................................ 124-129
Lens Accessories.............................................................. 129
Microscopy and Objectives....................................... 130-143
Cameras..................................................... 144-154, 114-115
Illumination .............................................................. 155-167
Targets...................................................................... 168-177
NEW
/imaging