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resource guide fixed focal length telecentric liquid lens / specialty filters / accessories microscopy / objectives cameras illumination targets
What's Inside IMAGING RESOURCE GUIDE
Getting Started.......................................................4-6
Best Practices for Better Imaging.......................................... 4-5
What is Imaging?....................................................................... 6
Section 1: Lens and Imaging Fundamentals............7-9
1.1: The Anatomy of a Lens...................................................... 7
1.2: Imaging Fundamentals....................................................... 7
1.3: Understanding Focal Length and Field of View.............. 8-9
Section 2: Understanding Lens Specifications.....10-17
2.1: System Throughput, f/#, and Numerical Aperture..... 10-11
2.2: Resolution.................................................................... 11-12
2.3: Contrast....................................................................... 12-13
2.4: The Airy Disk and Diffraction Limit............................. 13-14
2.5: The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)......................... 14
2.6: MTF Curves and Lens Performance............................ 15-17
Section 3: Real World Performance....................18-28
3.1: Sensor Performance and Limitations ........................ 18-19
3.2: Relative Illumination, Roll-Off, and Vignetting........... 20-21
3.3: Distortion.................................................................... 22-23
3.4: Depth of Field and Depth of Focus........................... 24-26
3.5: Aberrations................................................................. 26-28
3.6: Design vs. Manufacturing................................................ 28
Section 4: Telecentricity and Perspective Error...29-33
4.1: The Advantages of Telecentricity................................ 29-30
4.2: Distortion and the Telecentricity Specification........... 30-31
4.3: Telecentric Lens Size Control........................................... 32
4.4: Telecentric Design Topics............................................ 32-33
Section 5: Lens Mechanics..................................34-36
5.1: Lens Mounts..................................................................... 34
5.2: Lens Spacers, Shims, and Focal Length Extenders..... 34-35
5.3: Ruggedization of Imaging Lenses.................................... 36
Section 6: Imaging Lens Selection Guide............37-42
6.1: Types of Machine Vision Lenses.................................. 37-38
6.2: Basic Lens Selection.................................................... 38-39
6.3: Advanced Lens Selection............................................ 39-41
6.4: Sensors and Lenses..................................................... 41-42
Section 7: Liquid Lenses in Machine Vision.....112-113
7.1: Liquid Lens Basics.......................................................... 112
7.2: Liquid Lens Features...................................................... 112
7.3: Liquid Lens Applications................................................ 113
7.4: Liquid Lens Technology.................................................. 113
Section 8: Filter Technology............................130-132
8.1: Types of Filter Technology...................................... 130-131
8.2: Applications with Machine Vision Filtering............. 131-132
Technical Note: TECHSPEC® Machine Vision Filters............. 132
Section 9: Microscope Objectives...................136-137
9.1: Types of Objectives................................................. 136-137
9.2: Using Tube Lenses with Infinity Corrected Objectives... 137
9.3: Fluorescence Filters for Microscopy.............................. 137
Section 10: Cameras.......................................152-155
10.1: Digital Camera Interfaces...................................... 152-153
10.2: Powering the Camera.................................................. 153
10.3: Camera Software.......................................................... 153
10.4: Sensors.................................................................. 153-154
10.5: Spectral Properties................................................ 154-155
10.6: Area Scan vs. Line Scan Cameras................................. 155
Section 11: Illumination..................................170-175
11.1: Brightfield and Darkfield Illumination in Machine Vision..170
11.2: Common Illumination Types.................................. 171-172
11.3: In-Line Illumination................................................ 173-174
11.4: Using Structured Illumination....................................... 174
11.5: Telecentric Illumination................................................ 175
Section 12: Testing and Targets......................184-189
12.1: Resolution and MTF Testing.................................. 184-185
12.2: Test Target Overview.................................................... 186
12.3: The USAF 1951 Target.......................................... 186-187
12.4: Ronchi Rulings.............................................................. 187
12.5: The Star Target............................................................. 188
12.6: Telecentricity Targets.................................................... 188
12.7: Depth of Field (DOF) Targets....................................... 189
12.8: Distortion Targets......................................................... 189
PRODUCTS
TECHSPEC® Fixed Focal Length Lenses........................ 44-87
1/1.8" UC Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses........................ 44-47
1/1.8" UCi Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses....................... 48-49
C Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses................................... 50-53
Ci Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses.................................. 54-59
Cr Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses................................. 54-59
NEW Cw Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses...................... 60-61
Cx Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses ................................ 62-63
2/3" HP Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses........................... 64-66
2/3" HPi Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses............................... 67
2/3" HPr Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses.............................. 67
1.1" HP Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses......................... 68-70
1.1" HPi Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses............................. 71
1.1" HPr Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses............................ 71
APS-C Format CA Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses........ 72-73
LF Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses................................. 74-76
LH Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses...................................... 77
LS Series Line Scan Fixed Focal Length Lenses................. 78-79
SWIR Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses.................................. 80
TECHSPEC® M12 Lenses............................................... 82-87
Blue Series M12 Imaging Lens........................................... 82-85
Rugged Blue Series M12 Imaging Lenses.......................... 82-85
Harsh Environment HEO M12 Imaging Lenses....................... 87
TECHSPEC® Telecentric Lenses................................... 88-111
TitanTL® Telecentric Lenses ............................................... 88-93
NEW CobaltTL Telecentric Lenses..................................... 94-95
PlatinumTL™ Telecentric Lenses......................................... 96-97
GoldTL™ Telecentric Lenses............................................... 98-99
SilverTL™ Telecentric Lenses........................................... 100-103
CompactTL™ Telecentric Lenses..................................... 104-109
VariMagTL® Telecentric Lenses...................................... 110-111
Liquid Lenses............................................................ 112-129
NEW LT Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses.................... 114-115
Liquid Lens Cx Series Fixed Focal Length Lenses.......... 116-117
Liquid Lens M12 Imaging Lenses................................... 118-119
Liquid Lens Drivers........................................................ 120, 124
Liquid Lens Cameras............................................................. 121
MercuryTL™ Liquid Lens Telecentric Lenses................... 122-123
Dynamic Focus VZM™ Lens................................................... 127
Tunable Compact Objectives................................................ 124
Cameras............................................................ 121, 152-169
Specialty Lenses (Zoom, UV, Hypercentric, and More)...126-129
Filters........................................................................ 130-135
Lens Accessories.............................................................. 135
Microscopy and Objectives....................................... 136-151
Illumination .............................................................. 170-183
Targets...................................................................... 184-193
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