USAF 1951
targets
resolution targets ronchi rulings distortion targets calibration targets color targets
TECHNICAL NOTE
Using USAF 1951 Resolution Targets
USAF 1951 Resolution Targets are a well-established standard when for testing the resolution of an imaging system. They consist of horizontal and vertical
bars organized in groups and elements. Each group is composed of six elements, and each element is composed of three horizontal and three vertical bars
equally spaced with one another. There can be a total of twelve groups, with larger numbers used for higher resolution. Vertical bars are used to calculate
horizontal resolution and horizontal bars are used to calculate vertical resolution.
Qualitatively, the resolution of an imaging system is defined as the group and element combination directly before the black and white bars begin to blur
together. Quantitatively, resolution (in terms of line pairs per millimeter, or lp/mm) can be calculated by:
group # +(element # - 1)
Resolution for each group and element pair is calculated in the table below.
6
0 0
Group or Element#
2
3
456
1
1
2
3
45
6
01
2
2
3
456
3
1
2
3
45
6
21
0
1
Resolution = 2
2345
6
Group No.
Element No.
Example:
Group 0
Group 1
Number of Line Pairs / mm in USAF Resolving Power Test Target 1951
Group Number For High Res Only
Element -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 0,250 0,500 1,00 2,00 4,00 8,00 16,00 32,0 64,0 128,0 256,0 512,0
2 0,280 0,561 1,12 2,24 4,49 8,98 17,95 36,0 71,8 144,0 287,0 575,0
3 0,315 0,630 1,26 2,52 5,04 10,10 20,16 40,3 80,6 161,0 323,0 645,0
4 0,353 0,707 1,41 2,83 5,66 11,30 22,62 45,3 90,5 181,0 362,0 –
5 0,397 0,793 1,59 3,17 6,35 12,70 25,39 50,8 102,0 203,0 406,0 –
6 0,445 0,891 1,78 3,56 7,13 14,30 28,50 57,0 114,0 228,0 456,0 –
For more information, visit www.edmundoptics.eu/test_targets
USAF 1951 Glass Slide Resolution Targets
• Negative and Positive Patterns on Glass
• Each is Boxed and Includes Resolution Value Chart
• High Resolution Targets Available (down to 645 lp/mm)
Resolution test slides with the USAF 1951 test pattern are available in either positive (chrome pattern on clear
background) or negative (clear pattern on a chrome background). The positive pattern is recommended for
quality control of microscopes and magnifiers. The negative pattern is ideal for collimators and other illuminated
test equipment. Each is boxed and includes resolution value chart. Targets conform to MIL-S-150A.
USAF 1951 Resolution Targets
USAF Targets Standard Resolution High Resolution
Stock No. Price Stock No. Price
2" x 2" Positive #38-257 €176,00 #58-198 €670,00
2" x 2" Negative #38-256 €176,00 #55-622 €670,00
3" x 3" Positive #36-275 €240,00 #64-862 €1.597,00
3" x 3" Negative #36-408 €240,00 #64-863 €1.597,00
Substrate: 1,5 mm (0,06") float glass with
beveled edges
Flatness: ≤0,00254
Surface Quality: 20-10
Coating: Vacuum-deposited durable chromium,
density 3,0 or greater
UV Fused Silica & Fluorescent USAF 1951 Resolution Targets
• Designed for Calibration of UV or Fluorescence Microscopes
• Fluorescent Targets have 365 nm Excitation Wavelength, 550 nm Emission Wavelength
• Negative and Positive Targets Available
The Fused Silica Positive Target (chrome pattern, clear background) has the chrome pattern deposited on the
top surface of the target, as does the Fused Silica Negative Target (clear pattern, chrome background).
The Fluorescent Fused Silica Targets are ideal for applications involving fluorescence and confocal microscopy,
nanotechnology, photolithography, and other UV-based imaging systems. The Fluorescent Fused Silica
Positive Target (chrome pattern, clear background) has a fluorescent material on the top surface of the target.
The Fluorescent Fused Silica Negative Target (clear pattern, chrome background) has a fluorescent material on
the bottom surface. Note: Chrome coated top surface will reflect UV radiation. Avoid direct skin contact and
eye exposure to UV energy. UV protective eyewear sold separately. Fluorescent material adds 0,1 - 0,2 mm to
thickness of fluorescent targets.
Substrate: UV Fused Silica
Surface Flatness: 2l
Thickness (mm): 1,0 ±0,1*
Surface Quality: 20-10
Optical Density: >3,0
UV Fused Silica & Fluorescent USAF 1951 Resolution Targets
2" x 2" Standard
Resolution
3" x 3" Standard
Resolution
2" x 2" High
Resolution
2" x 2" Fluorescent
Standard Resolution
3" x 3" Fluorescent
Standard Resolution
Pattern Size (mm): 15 x 14 60,8 x 56,7 15 x 14 15 x 14 60,8 x 56,7
Min Frequency: Group 0, Element 1 Group –2, Element 1 Group 0, Element 1 Group 0, Element 1 Group –2, Element 1
Max Frequency: Group 7, Element 6 Group 7, Element 6 Group 9, Element 3 Group 7, Element 6 Group 7, Element 6
Transmissive Coating: 365 nm Excitation, 550
N/A N/A N/A
nm Emission*
365 nm Excitation,
550 nm Emission*
Positive #57-896 €237,00 #57-898 €351,00 #59-152 €1.041,00 #57-855 €294,00 #57-894 €382,00
Negative #57-895 €237,00 #57-897 €351,00 #59-153 €1.041,00 #57-792 €294,00 #57-893 €382,00
* Fluorescent coating adds 0,1 to 0,2 mm to the thickness
Negative Target
Positive Target
Transmittance UV-Grade Fused Silica
(10mm Thickness)
100
80
60
40
20
0
150 200 250 300 1 2 3 4 5
(nm) (μm)
Transmittance (%)
Wavelength
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